Because of this there is struggle and contradiction in the society. Once there is simultaneous presence then they are bound to struggle with each other. Unity does not mean the co-operation/co-ordination here. Unity refers to the co-existence or simultaneous presence of the opposites. This is due to the law of unity and struggle of opposites. The system is that the change must occur. This law suggests the very cause of social change. The Three Laws of Dialectical Materialism are:ġ. Marx’s colleague Friedrich Engels put forward the three major laws of dialectical materialism. These transformations are not gradual but there is a violent revolutionary shift. There is constant transformation in inorganic nature and human world. It considers nature as an integral whole.ĭialectical materialism declares that the law of reality is the law of change. Contrary to metaphysics, it believes that in nature, things are interconnected, interrelated and determined by each other. Dialectical materialism provides abstract laws for natural and social change. It seeks to explain everything in terms of the contradictions of matter. So Dialectical materialism evolved by Marx is diametrically opposed to Hegelian dialectics. Idealists believe that one is poor because the God has made him poor whereas materialist believe that there must be something wrong with the person for which he is poor. But materialist will argue that it is not due to God’s will but due to dashing of particles in the clouds. Idealists believe that thunderstorm is due to God’s will. Marx believes that which is ideal is also material. In fact, Marx idea is nothing but the material world reflected by human mind and translated into human thought. Marx says “My ideas of dialectics are not only different from Hegel but also are its direct opposite.” Hence Marx believes that the idealists are superficial about their position. In fact, this is an egg-hen question as to which idea is first or matter is first. Ideas run the world but matter runs the one that have a subjective existence. Idea is what it is as against what is not. To Hegel the world is ideal by its very nature. From matter we get materialism that can be seen, observed material and its true value can be ascertained. Matter decides and determines everything in the society. Everything is caused, oriented, moved and developed by matter. Materialism suggests that the world is material by its very name. This term has been used by Marx to understand the contradiction between the opposite tendencies found in the society. The word dialectics has been taken from the Greek word “Dialego” which means the ability to conduct disputes and the attempts to reserve the contradictions. In descending form of dialectic, one is able to explain the manifestation of a higher reality in the phenomenal world of sense-experience. In ascending form of dialectics, one is able to demonstrate the existence of a higher reality, for example the forms of God. This means that dialectics is a process of reason in ascending and descending forms. It is the idea of dialectics as a process. There is one more strand in the meaning of the term dialectics. Carrying the same tradition of treating this term as reason, in modern philosophy of Europe, the word was used by the German philosopher, Immanuel Kant (1724-1804) to discuss the impossibility of applying to objects of non-sensuous understanding the principles which are found to govern phenomena of sense-experience. Until the end of middle ages, this term remained a part of logic. Even before Plato, yet another Greek philosopher Socrates (470-390 B.C) used this term to examine the presuppositions at the back of all sciences. He evolved it as the art of analyzing ideas in themselves and in relation to the idea of ultimate good. Before Aristotle, another Greek philosopher Plato (427-397 B.C) developed this term in relation with his doctrine of ideas.
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